Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: historical aspects

Home/2018, Vol. 6, No. 2/Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: historical aspects

Cell and Organ Transplantology. 2018; 6(2):118-123.
DOI: 10.22494/cot.v6i2.85

Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: historical aspects

Khomenko V. I.
Kyiv Center of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Kyiv, Ukraine

Abstract
The historical review covers more than 60 years of the development of hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) in the world: from animal experiments and first bone marrow transplantations to incurable patients to the widespread use of HSCT as an effective treatment for a number of hematological, oncological and other diseases. During this period on the way of its development, a number of scientific, technical and applied problems have been overcome. The author focuses on the achievements in many related fields of medicine and biology (hematology, oncology, immunogenetics, pharmacology, radiotherapy, transfusiology, cryobiology, etc.), which have changed the role of HSCT from the “therapy of despair” at the terminal stages of the disease to the priority therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a number of cancer and non-malignant diseases in the early stages of the disease. The study of historical experience will be useful for Ukraine, which relatively recently has begun to introduce the method of HSCT into clinical practice.

Key words: hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT); bone marrow; umbilical cord blood

Full Text PDF (eng) Full Text PDF (ua)

1. Jacobson LO, Marks EK, Robson MJ, et al. Effect of spleen protection on mortality following x-irradiation. J Lab Clin Med. 1949; 34:1538-1543.
2. Lorenz E, Uphoff D, Reid TR, et al. Modification of irradiation injury in mice and guinea pigs by bone marrow injections. J Nat Cancer Inst. 1951; 12:197-201.
PMid:14874130
3. Barnes DWH., Corp MJ, Loutit JF, et al. Treatment of murine leukaemia with x-rays and homologous bone marrow. Preliminary communication. Br Med J. 1956; 2:626-627.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4993.626
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.415.626-b
PMid:13356034
4. Thomas ED, Lochte HL, Lu WC, et al. Intravenous infusion of bone marrow in patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1957; 257:491-496.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM195709122571102
PMid:13464965
5. Thomas ED, Lochte HL, Cannon JH., et al. Supralethal whole body irradiation and isologous marrow transplantation in man. J Clin Invest. 1959; 38:1709-1716.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI103949
PMid:13837954 PMCid:PMC444138
6. Mathé G, Jammet H, Pendic B, et al. Transfusion and grafts of homologous bone marrow in humans accidentally irradiated to high dose. Rev Franc Etudes Clin Biol. 1959; 4:226-229.
PMid:13646287
7. Kurnick NB, Montano A, Gerdes JC, et al. Preliminary observations on the treatment of postirradiation hematopoietic depression in man by the infusion of stored autogenous bone marrow. Ann Intern Med. 1958; 49:973-986.
https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-49-5-973
PMid:13595468
8. Thomas ED, Collins JA, Herman EC, et al. Marrow transplants in lethally irradiated dogs given methotrexate. Blood. 1962; 19:217-228.
PMid:13920766
9. Epstein RB, Storb R, Ragde H, et al. Cytotoxic typing antisera for marrow grafting in littermate dogs. Transplantation. 1968; 6: 45-58.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-196801000-00005
PMid:4866738
10. Storb R, Epstein RB, Graham TC, Thomas ED, et al. Methotrexate regimens for control of graft-versus-host disease in dogs with allogeneic marrow grafts. Transplantation. 1970; 9:240-246.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-197003000-00007
PMid:4392379
11. Storb R, Rudolph RH, Thomas ED. Marrow grafts between canine siblings matched by serotyping and mixed leukocyte culture. J Clin Invest. 1971; 50:1272-1275.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106605
PMid:4931083 PMCid:PMC292057
12. Dausset J. Iso-leuco-antibodies. Acta Haematol. 1958; 20:156-166.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000205478
PMid:13582558
13. Van Rood J. J. The detection of transplantation antigens in leukocytes. Semin hematol. 1968; 2:187-214.
14. Van Rood JJ, Eernisse JG, van Leeuwen A. Leukocyte antibodies in sera from pregnant women. Nature. 1958; 181:1735-1736.
https://doi.org/10.1038/1811735a0
PMid:13566127
15. 15 Mathe G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, et al. Haematopoietic chimera in man after allogenic (homologous) bone-marrow transplantation. BMJ. 1963; 2:1633-1635.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5373.1633
16. Thomas ES. History of Clinical Transplantation. World J Surg. 2000; 7:759-782.
17. Mathé G, Amiel H, Schwarzenberg L, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy of acute leukemia: experimental and clinical results. Cancer Res. 1965; 25:1525-1531.
PMid:5323965
18. Gatti RA, Meuwissen HJ, Allen HD, et al. Immunological reconstitution of sex-linked lymphopenic immunological deficiency. Lancet. 1968; ii:1366-1369.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(68)92673-1
19. Bach FH, Albertini RJ, Joo P, et al. Bone-marrow transplantation in a patient with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Lancet. 1968; 2:1364-1366.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(68)92672-X
20. de Koning J, van Bekkum DW, Dicke KA, et al. Transplantation of bone-marrow cells and fetal thymus in an infant with lymphopenic immunological deficiency. Lancet. 1969; I:1223-1227.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(69)92112-6
21. Bortin MM, Bach FH., van Bekkum DW, et al. 25th anniversary of the first successful allogeneic bone marrow transplants. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1994; 14:211-212.
PMid:7994234
22. Bortin MM. A compendium of reported human bone marrow transplants. Transplantation. 1970; 9: 571-587.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-197006000-00006
PMid:4911417
23. Buckner CD, Epstein RB., Rudolph RH., et al. Allogeneic marrow engraftment following whole body irradiation in a patient with leukemia. Blood. 1970; 35:741-750.
PMid:4913404
24. Thomas ED, Buckner CD, Storb R, et al. Aplastic anaemia treated by marrow transplantation. Lancet. 1972; i:284-289.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(72)90292-9
25. Thomas ED, Storb R., Clift RA, et al. Bone-marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1975; 292:832-843.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197504242921706
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197504172921605
PMid:234595
26. Thomas ED, Buckner CD, Banaji M, et al. One hundred patients with acute leukemia treated by chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and allogeneic marrow transplantation. Blood. 1977; 49:511-533.
PMid:14751
27. Thomas ED, Flournoy N, Buckner CD, et al. Cure of leukemia by marrow transplantation. Leuk Res. 1977; 1:67-70.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2126(77)90065-0
28. Thomas ED. Bone marrow transplantation: a historical review. Medicina, Ribeirаo Preto. 2000; 33:209-218.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v33i3p209-218
30. Thomas ED, Buckner CD, Clift RA, et al. Marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission. N Engl J Med. 1979; 301:597-599.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197909133011109
PMid:381925
31. Storb R, Thomas ED, Buckner CD, et al. Allogeneic marrow grafting for treatment of aplastic anemia. Blood. 1974; 43:157-180.
PMid:4149232
32. Storb R, Etzioni R, Anasetti C, et al. Cyclophosphamide combined with antithymocyte globulin in preparation for allogeneic marrow transplants in patients with aplastic anemia. Blood. 1994; 84:941-949.
PMid:8043876
33. Lucarelli G, Polchi P, Izzi T, et al. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for thalassemia. Exp Hematol. 1984; 12:676-681.
PMid:6386507
34. Thomas ED, Buckner CD, Sanders JE., et al. Marrow transplantation for thalassaemia. Lancet. 1982; ii:227-229.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90319-1
35. Johnson FL, Look AT, Gockerman J, et al. Bone-marrow transplantation in a patient with sickle-cell anemia. N Engl J Med. 1984; 311:780-783.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198409203111207
PMid:6382010
36. Williams K. The Hidden Economy of HSC Transplantation Is Inconsistent with Prohibiting the Compensation of HSC Donors. Minn J L Sci & Tech. 2015; 16:215-272.
37. O’Reilly RJ, Dupont B, Pahwa S, et al. Reconstitution in severe combined immunodeficiency by transplantation of marrow from an unrelated donor. N Engl J Med. 1977; 297:1311-1318.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197712152972403
PMid:21351
38. Hansen JA, Clift RA, Thomas ED, et al. Transplantation of marrow from an unrelated donor to a patient with acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:565-567.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198009043031007
PMid:6995837
39. WMDA, Total Number of Donors and Cord blood units. URL: https://statistics.wmda.info/.
40. Cavins JA, Scheer SC, Thomas ED, et al. The recovery of lethally irradiated dogs given infusions of autologous leukocytes preserved at -80 C. Blood. 1964; 23:38-43.
PMid:14113471
41. Goodman JW, Hodgson GS. Evidence for stem cells in the peripheral blood of mice. Blood. 1962; 19:702-714.
PMid:13900318
42. Storb R, Epstein RB, Ragde H, et al. Marrow engraftment by allogeneic leukocytes in lethally irradiated dogs. Blood. 1967; 30:805-811.
PMid:4865037
43. Storb R, Graham TC, Epstein RB, et al. Demonstration of hemopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood of baboons by cross circulation. Blood. 1977; 50:537-542.
PMid:18239
44. Goldman JM, Johnson SA, Catovsky D, et al. Autografting .for chronic granulocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1981; 305:700.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198109173051215
PMid:6943426
45. KÖrbling M, Burke P, Braine H, et al. Successful engraftment of blood derived normal hemopoietic stem cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Exp Hematol. 1981; 9:684-690.
PMid:6114872
46. KÖrbling M, DÖrken B, Ho AD, et al. Autologous transplantation of blood-derived hemopoietic stem cells after myeloablative therapy in a patient with Burkitt’s lymphoma. Blood. 1986; 67:529-532.
PMid:2867797
47. Kessinger A, Armitage JO, Landmark JD, et al. Reconstitution of human hematopoietic function with autologous cryopreserved circulating stem cells. Exp Hematol. 1986; 14:192-196.
PMid:2868909
48. Reiffers J, Bernard P, David B, et al. Successful autologous transplantation with peripheral blood hemopoietic cells in a patient with acute leukemia. Exp Hematol. 1986; 14:312-315.
PMid:2870936
49. To LB, Dyson PG, Branford AL, et al. Peripheral blood stem cells collected in very early remission produce rapid and sustained autologous haemopoietic reconstitution in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1987; 2:103-108.
PMid:2901874
50. KÖrbling M, Przepiorka D, Huh YO, et al. Allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation for refractory leukemia and lymphoma: potential advantage of blood over marrow allografts. Blood. 1995; 85:1659-1665.
PMid:7888684
51. Bensinger WI, Weaver CH, Appelbaum FR., et al. Transplantation of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood. 1995; 85:1655-1658.
PMid:7534140
52. Molineux G, Pojda Z, Hampson IN, et al. Transplantation potential of peripheral blood stem cells induced by granulocyte colonystimulating factor. Blood. 1990; 76:2153-2158.
PMid:1700732
53. Schmitz N, Dreger P, Suttorp M, et al. Primary transplantation of allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized by filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Blood. 1995; 85(6):1666-1672.
PMid:7534141
54. Storek J, Gooley T, Siadak M, et al. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation may be associated with a high risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 1997; 90:4705-4709.
PMid:9389685
55. Broxmeyer HE, Douglas GW, Hangoc G, et al. Human umbilical cord blood as a potential source of transplantable hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989; 86:3828-3832.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.10.3828
PMid:2566997
56. Gluckman E, Broxmeyer HE, Auerbach AD, et al. Hematopoietic reconstitution in a patient with Fanconi.s anemia by means of umbilical-cord blood from an HLA-identical sibling. N Engl J Med. 1989; 321:1174-1178.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198910263211707
PMid:2571931
57. Gluckman E, Rocha V, Boyer-Chammard A, et al. Outcome of cord-blood transplantation from related and unrelated donors. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337:373-381.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199708073370602
PMid:9241126
58. Gluckman E, Rocha V. History of the clinical use of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic cells. Cytotherapy. 2005; 7(3):219-227.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14653240510027136
PMid:16081348
59. Kurtzberg J. A History of Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation. Stem cells translational medicine. 2017; 6:1309-1311.
https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.17-0075
PMid:28456005 PMCid:PMC5442723
60. Rubinstein P, Adamson JW, Stevens C. The Placental/Umbilical Cord Blood Program of the New York Blood Center. A progress report. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999; 872:328-334.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08477.x
PMid:10372135
61. Petrini C. Umbilical cord blood banking: from personal donation to international public registries to global bioeconomy. J Blood Med. 2014; 5:87-97.
https://doi.org/10.2147/JBM.S64090
PMid:24971040 PMCid:PMC4069132
62. Kurtzberg J, Laughlin M, Graham ML, et al. Placental blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation into unrelated recipients. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335(3):157-166.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199607183350303
PMid:8657213
63. Wagner JE, Rosenthal J, Sweetman R., et al. Successful transplantation of HLA-matched and HLA-mismatched umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors: Analysis of engraftment andacute graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 1996; 88:795-802.
PMid:8704232
64. Rubinstein P, Carrier C, Scaradavou A, et al. Outcomes among 562 recipients of placental-blood transplants from unrelated donors. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339:1565-1577.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199811263392201
PMid:9828244
65. Laughlin MJ, Barker J, Bambach B, et al. Hematopoietic engraftment and survival in adult recipients of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated donors. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344:1815-1822.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200106143442402
PMid:11407342
66. Ballen KK, Gluckman E, Broxmeyer HE. Umbilical cord blood transplantation: the first 25 years and beyond. Blood. 2013; 122(4):491-498.
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-02-453175
PMid:23673863 PMCid:PMC3952633
67. Hughes VC. Cord Blood Transplantation: Hallmarks of the 20th Century. Laboratory Medicine. 2000; 31(12):672-678.
https://doi.org/10.1309/46W4-D2TV-2GEV-HQ50
68. Niederwieser D, Baldomero H, Szer J, et al. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Activity Worldwide in 2012 and a SWOT Analysis of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (WBMT) including the global survey. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2016; 51(6):778-785.
https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2016.18
PMid:26901703 PMCid:PMC4889523
69. Santos GW. Busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) for marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1989; 4:236-239.
PMid:2653511
70. Deeg HJ, Sullivan KM, Buckner CD, et al. Marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission: toxicity and long-term follow-up of patients conditioned with single dose or fractionated total body irradiation. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1986; 1:151-157.
PMid:3332129
71. Blaise D, Maraninchi D, Archimbaud E, et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: a randomized trial of a busulfan-cytoxan versus cytoxan-total body irradiation as preparative regimen. A report from the Groupe d’Etudes de la Greffe de Moelle Osseuse. Blood. 1992; 79:2578-2582.
PMid:1586710
72. Long GD, Amylon MD, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, et al. Fractionated total-body irradiation, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for patients with high-risk or advanced-stage hematological malignancies. Blood Marrow Transplant. 1997; 3:3240-330.
73. Giralt S, Estey E, Albitar M, et al. Engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells with purine analog-containing chemotherapy: harnessing graft-versus-leukemia without myeloablative therapy. Blood. 1997; 89:4531-4536.
PMid:9192777
74. Shimoni A, Kröger N, Zabelina T, et al. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation from unrelated donors in elderly patients (age > 55 years) with hematologic malignancies: older age is no longer a contraindication when using reduced intensity conditioning. Leukemia. 2005; 19(1):7-12.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2403591
PMid:15526016
75. Van Besien K, Artz A, Stock W. Unrelated donor transplantation over the age of 55. Leukemia. 2005; 19(1):31-33.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2403594
PMid:15526015
76. Weisdorf DJ, Anasetti C, Antin JH, et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia: comparative analysis of unrelated versus matched sibling donor transplantation. Blood. 2002; 99(6):1971-1977.
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V99.6.1971
PMid:11877268
77. Moore J, Nivison-Smith I, Goh K, et al. Equivalent survival for sibling and unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2007; 13(5):601-607.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.01.073
PMid:17448920
78. Eapen M, Rubinstein P, Zhang MJ, et al. Comparable long-term survival after unrelated and HLA-matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantations for acute leukemia in children younger than 18 months. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24(1):145-151.
https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.02.4612
PMid:16382124
79. Yakoub-Agha I, Mesnil F, Kuentz M, et al. Allogeneic marrow stem cell transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings versus human leukocyte antigen-allelic-matched unrelated donors (10/10) in patients with standard-risk hematologic malignancy: a prospective study from the French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24(36):5695-5702.
https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.08.0952
PMid:17116940
81. Woolfrey A, Lee SJ, Gooley TA, et al. HLA-allele matched unrelated donors compared to HLA-matched sibling donors: role of cell source and disease risk category. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010; 16(10):1382-1387.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.03.024
PMid:20447462 PMCid:PMC2934755
82. Kiehl MG, Kraut L, Schwerdtfeger R, et al. Outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: no difference in related compared with unrelated transplant in first complete remission. J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22(14):2816-2825.
https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.07.130
PMid:15254049
83. Powles RL, Clink H, Sloane J, et al. Cyclosporin A for the treatment of graftversus-host disease in man. Lancet. 1978; ii:1327-1331.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(78)91971-2
84. Korngold R, Sprent J. T cell subsets and graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation. 1987; 44:335-339.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-198709000-00002
PMid:2957834
85. Prentice HG, Blacklock HA, Janossy G, et al. Depletion of T-lymphocytes in donor marrow prevents significant graft-versus-host disease in matched allogeneic leukaemic marrow transplant recipients. Lancet. 1984; i:472-476.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92848-4
86. Storb R, Deeg HJ, Fisher LD, et al. Cyclosporine vs methotrexate for graft-v-host disease prevention in patients given marrow grafts for leukemia: long-term follow-up of three controlled trials. Blood. 1988; 71:293-298.
PMid:3276360
87. Storb R, Deeg HJ, Whitehead J, et al. Methotrexate and cyclosporine compared with cyclosporine alone for prophylaxis of acute graft versus host disease after marrow transplantation for leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1986; 314:729-735.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198603203141201
PMid:3513012
88. Blazar BR, Korngold R, Vallera D. Recent advances in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention. Immunol Rev. 1997; 157:79-109.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00976.x
PMid:9255624
89. Weiden PL, Flournoy N, Thomas ED, et al. Antileukemic effect of graft-versus-host disease in human recipients of allogeneic marrow grafts. N Engl J Med. 1979; 300:1068-1073.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197905103001902
PMid:34792
90. Higano CS, Brixey M, Bryant EM, et al. Durable complete remission of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia associated with discontinuation of immunosuppression following relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a case report of a graft-versus-leukemia effect. Transplantation. 1990; 50:175-177.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199007000-00038
PMid:2368144
91. Collins RHJ, Rogers ZR, Bennett M, et al. Hematologic relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: apparent graft-versus-leukemia effect following abrupt discontinuation of immunosuppression. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1992; 10:391-395.
PMid:1422499
92. Slavin S, Naparstek E, Nagler A, et al. Allogeneic cell therapy with donor peripheral blood cells and recombinant human interleukin-2 to treat leukemia relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 1996; 87:2195-2204.
PMid:8630379
93. Kolb HJ, Mittermuller J, Clemm Ch, et al. Donor leukocyte transfusions for treatment of recurrent chronic myelogenous leukemia in marrow transplant patients. Blood. 1990; 76:2462-2465.
PMid:2265242
94. Goldstein S, Porter D. Allogeneic immunotherapy to optimize the graft versus tumor effect: concepts and controversies. Exp Rev Hematol. 2010; 3(3):301-314.
https://doi.org/10.1586/ehm.10.29
PMid:21082981
95. Porter DL. Allogeneic immunotherapy to optimize the graft-versus-tumor effect: concepts and controversies. Hematology. 2011; 1:292-298.
https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.292
PMid:22160048
96. Ringdén O, Pavletic SZ, Anasetti C, et al. The graft-versus-leukemia effect using matched unrelated donors is not superior to HLA-identical siblings for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2009; 113(13):3110-3118.
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-07-163212
PMid:19059878 PMCid:PMC2662650
97. Henslee-Downey PJ, Abhyankar SH, Parrish RS, et al. Use of partially mismatched related donors extends access to allogeneic marrow transplant. Blood. 1997. 89. P. 3864-3872.
PMid:9160695
98. Aversa F, Tabilio A, Terenzi A, et al. Successful engraftment of T-cell-depleted haploidentical “three-loci” incompatible transplants in leukemia patients by addition of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells to bone marrow inoculum. Blood. 1994; 84: 3948-3955.
PMid:7524753
99. Aversa F, Tabilio A, Velardi A, et al. Treatment of high-risk acute leukemia with T-cell-depleted stem cells from related donors with one fully mismatched HLA haplotype. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339:1186-1193.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199810223391702
PMid:9780338
100. Aversa F, Terenzi A, Tabilio A, et al. Full haplotype mismatched hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a phase II study in patients with acute leukemia at high risk of relapse. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23:3447-3454.
https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.09.117
PMid:15753458
101. Bethge WA, Faul C, Bornhäuser M, et al. Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adults using CD3/CD19 depletion and reduced intensity conditioning: an update. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2008; 40:9-13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.07.001
PMid:17869547
102. Reisner Y, Martelli MF. Bone marrow transplantation across HLA barriers by increasing the number of transplanted cells. Immunol Today. 1995; 16:437-440.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(95)80021-2
103. Brodsky RA, Luznik L, Bola-os-Meade J, et al. Reduced intensity HLA-haploidentical BMT with post transplantation cyclophosphamide in nonmalignant hematologic diseases. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2008; 42:523-527.
https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2008.203
PMid:18622413 PMCid:PMC3086163
104. Reisner Y, Aversa F, Martelli. MF. Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: state of art. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015; 50(2):1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2015.86
PMid:26039199
105. Thomas ED. Bone Marrow Transplantation – past, present and future. Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1990. In: Lex Prix Nobel: The Nobel Prizes 1990. F. Trangsmyr, ed. Stockholm, Sweden: Nobel foundation. pp. 581-582.
106. Gratwohl A, Pasquini MC, Aljurf M, et al. One million haemopoietic stem-cell transplants: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Haematol. 2015; 2(3):91-100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00028-9
107. WMDA // https://www.wmda.info/about-us/who-we-are/ 

 

Khomenko V. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: historical aspects. Cell and Organ Transplantology. 2018; 6(2):118-123. doi:10.22494/cot.v6i2.85

Creative Commons License
Is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.