Regenerative potential and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (review)

Cell and Organ Transplantology. 2023; 11(2):66-80.
DOI: 10.22494/cot.v11i2.152

Regenerative potential and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (review)

Gordiienko I.^1,2, Shamshur M.^1,3, Novikova S.³, Zlatskiy I.³, Zlatska A.^1,3

¹Medical Company “Good Cells”, Kyiv, Ukraine
²R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
³Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, M. D. Strazhesko National Scientific Center of Cardiology, Clinical and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

Abstract

For more than 50 years, mesenchymal stem cells have been extensively studied as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various diseases. MSC-derived secretome including growth factors, cytokines, microvesicles and exosomes is the major driver in realizing the of beneficial effect of MSC-based therapy. Exosomes play an important role in the organism homeostasis and disease development working as a vehicle for the transfer of signaling and regulatory molecules between cells. Exosomes size, stability, and cargo content reflect the physiological state of parent cells making them an attractive new tool for regenerative medicine. Cell-free therapy or cell therapy 2.0 is being developed.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the literature data on the regenerative potential and clinical application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells.
Methods. An analytical review of literature data was conducted using the information analysis of Medline (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus databases, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and other sources up to the inclusive year 2022 using the keywords: “exosomes”, “mesenchymal stem cells”, “cell-free therapy”, “secretome”, “miRNA”.
Results.In this review, we examine the molecular profile of exosomes derived from different MSC sources and explore their biological properties, the results of clinical application of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of COVID-19, alopecia, skin aging and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, we analyzed the existing issues in the development and application of these new biomedical products.
Conclusion. The study, research and development of biotechnological products based on exosomes from various stem cell types represent new stages in the development of regenerative medicine. Understanding the unique biological properties of MSCs derived from various tissue sources is one of the keys to develop effective exosome-based biotechnological products to address specific medical goals.

Key words: exosomes; mesenchymal stem cells; cell-free therapy; secretome; miRNA

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How to cite

Gordiienko I, Shamshur M, Novikova S, Zlatskiy I, Zlatska A. Regenerative potential and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (review). Cell Organ Transpl. 2023; 11(2):66-80. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22494/cot.v11i2.152

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